Tuition fee charges are raised for each academic year, not by study year. You are charged for each month you study within an academic year. Each academic year runs August to July.
For example, if you start your study in October you will be charged for 10 months, October to July, in your first year of study.
This means:
If you are on a 12 month MRes course and start in October, you will be charged for 10 months in your first year of study and 2 months in the next academic year.
If you are on a 36 month PhD course and start in October, you will be charged for 10 months in your first year of study, 12 months in the next two academic years and 2 months in the next academic year.